Plate Tectonics Quiz #2 Study Guide
1. How fast are the plates moving?
2. Why do earthquakes and volcanoes happen on Earth?
3. How do we know that there are interior layers of Earth that are liquids?
4. Draw the chemical layers of the Earth and label their names. The chemical layers are the ones on the right side of the diagram.
- 4 - 20 cm per year
2. Why do earthquakes and volcanoes happen on Earth?
- Because the Earth is hot on the inside
3. How do we know that there are interior layers of Earth that are liquids?
- There are certain earthquake waves that don't pass through liquids
4. Draw the chemical layers of the Earth and label their names. The chemical layers are the ones on the right side of the diagram.
5. How do we know that the Earth's interior has layers?
6. What is mantle plume or hot spot?
7. Draw the physical layers of the Earth and label their names. Indicate which are solid, liquid, or both.
- Seismic waves bend when they travel through the earth and hit different layers.
6. What is mantle plume or hot spot?
- A place where hot magma comes up from deep in the Earth to form volcanoes. This happens in the middle of plates.
7. Draw the physical layers of the Earth and label their names. Indicate which are solid, liquid, or both.
- On the picture below, the physical layers are the ones on the left. The lithosphere is divided up into the tectonic plates.
8. What happens to the temperature as you move toward the center of the Earth?
9. Which way would really hot magma in the lower mantle move?
10. Where is Hawaii compared to plate boundaries?
11. Which island of Hawaii is the oldest? Which is youngest?
- It gets hotter towards the core.
9. Which way would really hot magma in the lower mantle move?
- It would rise up because it is less dense
10. Where is Hawaii compared to plate boundaries?
- It is in the middle of a plate at a hot spot
11. Which island of Hawaii is the oldest? Which is youngest?
- Hawaii is the youngest and Kauai is the oldest because it is furthest away from the hot spot
12. Draw a convection current. Why does it move the way it does?
- The hot material is less dense so it rises. When it cools at the top, it becomes more dense and sinks.
13. What are 3 factors that increase the risk of landslides in Utah
14. What two processes cause the plates to move?
- Steep slopes, building homes on steep slopes and undercutting slopes, Earthquakes, watering lawns on steep slopes, thunderstorms
14. What two processes cause the plates to move?
- Convection currents in the mantle and slab pull.Draw a picture that shows how these two things move the plates.
- Slab pull is happening at trenches. See picture below.
17. List the two sources of Earth's internal heat?
Radioactive decay of elements produce heat, friction from smashing of asteroids and meteors when the Earth formed produce heat
18. Describe the two sources of Earth's internal heat that you listed in question 16.
When radioactive elements decay, they produce heat
Friction between smashing meteors or asteroids produces heat
19. How did each of the following landforms form?
Radioactive decay of elements produce heat, friction from smashing of asteroids and meteors when the Earth formed produce heat
18. Describe the two sources of Earth's internal heat that you listed in question 16.
When radioactive elements decay, they produce heat
Friction between smashing meteors or asteroids produces heat
19. How did each of the following landforms form?
- Hawaii and Yellowstone - This is a hot spot.
- Andes, Mt. St. Helens, Rocky Mountains - An ocean plate colliding with a continental plate. This is a type of convergent plate boundary.
- Himalayas, Appalachian mountains - Two continental plates collided forming really high mountains. This is a type of convergent plate boundary.
- Mid-atlantic ridge - Two plates separating in the ocean. This is a type of divergent plate boundary.
- Japan, Indonesia, Marianas Trench - Two oceanic plates colliding. This is a type of convergent plate boundary.
- San Andreas Fault - Two plates moving side by side. This is a type of transform plate boundary.
- East African Rift Zone - Two plates separating on a continent. This is a type of divergent plate boundary.